تولید و مشخصه یابی داربستهای PLA/MgAl2O4 به روش پرینت 3 بعدی (FDM) و مقایسه آنها با روش دوغابی

نوع مقاله : علمی و پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مهران قدرتی
• سید مهدی رفیعائی

گروه مهندسی مواد، دانشکده فنی مهندسی گلپایگان، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، گلپایگان.

10.22067/jmme.2024.86653.1142

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر ابتدا سرامیک زیستی آلومینات منیزیوم (MgAl2O4) با اندازه ذرات 27 تا 40 نانومتر به روش سنتز احتراقی تولید شد. همچنین کامپوزیتهای زمینه پلیمری PLA/MgAl2O4 با استفاده از روش‌های جوشی لایه نشانی مذاب (FDM) و دوغابی ساخته شده و خواص آنها مورد مطالعه و مقایسه قرارگرفت. برای بررسی خواص کامپوزیتهای تولید شده آنالیزهای پراش پرتو ایکس(XRD) ، میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (FE-SEM)، طیف سنج فروسرخ FT-IR)) و طیف‌ سنجی پلاسمای جفت‌ شده القایی (ICP) بخدمت گرفته شدند. نتایج XRD نشان داد که در نمونه‌های کامپوزیتی که به روش FDM سنتز می‌شوند PLA از بلورینگی بیشتری نسبت به روش دوغابی برخوردار است که این امر ناشی از سرد شدن نسبتا آهسته مذاب پلیمر است. برای بررسی خواص زیست‌فعالی این کامپوزیت از محلول شبیه‌سازی شده‌ی بدن (SBF) استفاده شده و نتایج حاصل از آزمون ICP نشان داد که میزان کلسیم و فسفر در هفته‌ی چهارم در نمونه‌‌ی پرینت شده PLA/MgAl2O4 در بالاترین مقدار و به ترتیب برابر mg/L77 و mg/L40 بوده‌اند. این نتایج نشان می‌دهند که فرآوری این کامپوزیتها به روش پرینت سه‌بعدی، تخریب پذیری بیشتری را نسبت به روش دوغابی به ارمغان ‌آورده و از مرغوبیت بالاتری برای مصارف زیستی برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسپینل آلومینات منیزیوم
• سنتز احتراقی
• داربست زمینه پلیمری
• لایه نشانی مذاب
• دوغابی

موضوعات

• بیو مواد

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Production and characterization of PLA/MgAl2O4 scaffolds by 3D printing method (FDM) and their comparison with slurry method

نویسندگان [English]

• Mehran Ghodrati
• Seyed Mahdi Rafiaei

Materials Engineering Group, Golpayegan College of Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Golpayegan , Iran.

چکیده [English]

In the present study, magnesium aluminate bio-ceramic (MgAl2O4) with particle size of 27 to 40 nm was produced by combustion synthesis method. Also, PLA/MgAl2O4 polymer matrix composites were made using FDM and slurry welding methods and their properties were studied and compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) were used to investigate the properties of the produced composites. XRD results showed that in the composite samples synthesized by FDM method, PLA has more crystallinity than the slurry method, which is caused by relatively slow cooling of the polymer melt. To investigate the bioactive properties of this composite, the simulated body solution (SBF) was used and the results of the ICP test showed that the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the fourth week in the PLA/MgAl2O4 printed sample was the highest and equal to 77 mg/L and respectively were 40 mg/L. These results show that the processing of these composites by the 3D printing method brings more degradability than the slurry method and has a higher quality for biological uses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Magnesium Aluminate Spinel
• Combustion Synthesis
• Polymer Matrix Scaffold
• FDM
• slurry

مراجع

[1] A. Bouamer, N. Benrekaa and A. Younes, “Characterization of polylactic acid ceramic composites synthesized by casting method”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 42, pp. 2959-2962, (2021).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.803

[2] P. K. Penumakala, J. Santo and A. Thomas, “A critical review on the fused deposition modeling of thermoplastic polymer composites”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 201, pp. 108336, (2020).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108336

[3] E. Sucinda, M. A. Majid, M. Ridzuan, M. Sultan and A. Gibson, “Analysis and physicochemical properties of cellulose nanowhiskers from Pennisetum purpureum via different acid hydrolysis reaction time”, International journal of biological macromolecules, vol. 155, pp. 241-248, (2020).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.199

[4] X. Wang, Y. Tang, X. Zhu, Y. Zhou, and X. Hong, “Preparation and characterization of polylactic acid/polyaniline/nanocrystalline cellulose nanocomposite films” International journal of biological macromolecules, vol. 146, pp. 1069-1075,(2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.233

[5] E. Sucinda, M. A. Majid, M. Ridzuan, E. Cheng, H. Alshahrani and N. Mamat, “Development and characterisation of packaging film from Napier cellulose nanowhisker reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) bionanocomposites”, International journal of biological macromolecules, vol. 187, pp. 43-53, (2021).

 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.069

[6] K. Jin, Y. Tang, X. Zhu and Y. Zhou, “Polylactic acid based biocomposite films reinforced with silanized nanocrystalline cellulose”, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 162, pp. 1109-1117, (2020).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.201

[7] R. N. Oosterbeek, K.-A. Kwon, P. Duffy, S. McMahon, X. C. Zhang, S. M. Best and R. E. Cameron, “Tuning structural relaxations, mechanical properties, and degradation timescale of PLLA during hydrolytic degradation by blending with PLCL-PEG”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 170, pp. 109015,( 2019).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109015

[8] C.E.Corcione, F. Gervaso, F. Scalera, S.K.Padmanabhan, M. Madaghiele, F. Montagna, A. Sannino, A. Licciulli, and A. Maffezzoli, “Highly loaded hydroxyapatite microsphere/PLA porous scaffolds obtained by fused deposition modelling”, Ceramics International, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 2803-2810, (2019).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.07.297

[9] J. Lee, H. Lee, K.-H. Cheon, C. Park, T.-S. Jang, H.-E. Kim and H.-D. Jung, “Fabrication of poly (lactic acid)/Ti composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility via fused filament fabrication )FFF)–based 3D printing”, Additive Manufacturing, vol. 30, pp. 100883, (2019).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100883

[10] A. A. Lopera, V. D. Bezzon, V. Ospina, J. L. Higuita-Castro, F. J. Ramirez, H. G. Ferraz, M. T. Orlando, C. G. Paucar, S. M. Robledo and C. P. Garcia, “Obtaining a fused PLA-calcium phosphate-tobramycin-based filament for 3D printing with potential antimicrobial application”, Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 169-182, (2023).

[11] M. Furko, K. Balázsi, and C. Balázsi, “Calcium Phosphate Loaded Biopolymer Composites—A Comprehensive Review on the Most Recent Progress and Promising Trends,” Coatings, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 360, (2023).

https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020360

[12] T. S. Carvalho, N. Ribeiro, P. M. Torres, J. C. Almeida, J. H. Belo, J. Araújo, A. Ramos, M. Oliveira, and S. M. Olhero, “Magnetic polylactic acid-calcium phosphate-based biocomposite as a potential biomaterial for tissue engineering applications,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 296, pp. 127175,( 2023).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.127175

[13] M. Asadollahi, E. Gerashi, M. Zohrevand, M. Zarei, S. S. Sayedain, R. Alizadeh, S. Labbaf, and M. Atari, “Improving mechanical properties and biocompatibility of 3D printed PLA by the addition of PEG and titanium particles, using a novel incorporation method,” Bioprinting, vol. 27, pp. e00228, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bprint.2022.e00228

[14] M. Olam, “Determining of process parameters of the PLA/titanium dioxide/hydroxyapatite filament”, Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 4776-4787, (2022).

https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2022.2080332

[15] M. Mohammadi-Zerankeshi, and R. Alizadeh, “3D-printed PLA-Gr-Mg composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 22, pp. 2440-2446, (2023).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.12.108

[16] M. Ghodrati, S. M. Rafiaei and L. Tayebi, “Fabrication and evaluation of PLA/MgAl2O4 scaffolds manufactured through 3D printing method”, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, vol. 145, pp. 106001, (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106001

[17] C. Pascual-González, C. Thompson, J. de la Vega, N. Biurrun Churruca, J. P. Fernández-Blázquez, I. Lizarralde, D. Herráez-Molinero, C. González and J. LLorca, “Processing and properties of PLA/Mg filaments for 3D printing of scaffolds for biomedical applications”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 884-894, (2022).

[18] Y. Zhang, C. Li, W. Zhang, J. Deng, Y. Nie, X. Du, L. Qin and Y. Lai, “3D-printed NIR-responsive shape memory polyurethane/magnesium scaffolds with tight-contact for robust bone regeneration”, Bioactive materials, vol. 16, pp. 218-231, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.032

[19] Z. Lin, X. Sun and H. Yang, “The role of antibacterial metallic elements in simultaneously improving the corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity of magnesium alloys”, Materials & Design, vol. 198, pp. 109350, (2021).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109350

[20] H. Lee, D. Y. Shin, Y. Na, G. Han, J. Kim, N. Kim, S.-J. Bang, H. S. Kang, S. Oh, C.-B. Yoon, J. Park, H.-E. Kim, H.-D. Jung and M.-H. Kang, “Antibacterial PLA/Mg composite with enhanced mechanical and biological performance for biodegradable orthopedic implants”, Biomaterials Advances, vol. 152, pp. 213523, (2023).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213523

[21] F. Ali, A. Al Rashid, S. N. Kalva, and M. Koç, “Mg-Doped PLA Composite as a Potential Material for Tissue Engineering—Synthesis, Characterization, and Additive Manufacturing”, Materials, vol. 16, no. 19, pp. 6506, (2023).

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196506

[22] B. Niemczyk-Soczynska, A. Gradys, D. Kolbuk, A. Krzton-Maziopa and P. Sajkiewicz, “Crosslinking kinetics of methylcellulose aqueous solution and its potential as a scaffold for tissue engineering”, Polymers, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1772, (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111772

[23] V. Santos-Rosales, A. Iglesias-Mejuto, and C. A. García-González, “Solvent-free approaches for the processing of scaffolds in regenerative medicine”, Polymers, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 533, (2020).https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030533

[24] W. J. Choi, K. S. Hwang, H. J. Kwon, C. Lee, C. H. Kim, T. H. Kim, S. W. Heo, J.-H. Kim, and J.-Y. Lee, “Rapid development of dual porous poly (lactic acid) foam using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing for medical scaffold application”, Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 110, pp. 110693,(2020).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.110693

[25] S. M. Rafiaei, and M. Shokouhimehr, “Effect of fuels on nanostructure and luminescence properties of combustion synthesized MgAl2O4: Eu3+ phosphors”, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 1193, pp. 274-279, (2019).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.057

[26] Y. S. Cho, B.-S. Kim, H.-K. You and Y.-S. Cho, “A novel technique for scaffold fabrication: SLUP (salt leaching using powder)”, Current Applied Physics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 371-377, (2014).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2013.12.013

[27] O. Padmaraj, M. Venkateswarlu and N. Satyanarayana, “Structural, electrical and dielectric properties of spinel type MgAl2O4 nanocrystalline ceramic particles synthesized by the gel-combustion method”, Ceramics International, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 3178-3185, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.169

[28] F. Wang, X. Yang, and J. Zhang, “Enhanced reactivity of methane combustion over Si-modified MgAl2O4 supported PdO catalysts,” Journal of the Energy Institute, vol. 106, pp. 101152, (2023).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.101152

[29] M. Cao, T. Cui, Y. Yue, C. Li, X. Guo, X. Jia and B. Wang, “Preparation and characterization for the thermal stability and mechanical property of PLA and PLA/CF samples built by FFF approach”,  Materials, vol. 16, no. 14, pp. 5023,(2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145023

[30] M. Khalilian, S. Golabi and M. Khodaei, “Characterization of Thermal and Structural Properties of Poly Lactic Acid Parts Fabricated By Fused Depositing Modeling”, New Process in Material Engineering, 15(4), 77-85, (2021). (In Persian)

[31] J. Jayaramudu, K. Das, M. Sonakshi, G. S. M. Reddy, B. Aderibigbe, R. Sadiku and S. S. Ray, “Structure and properties of highly toughened biodegradable polylactide/ZnO biocomposite films”, International journal of biological macromolecules, vol. 64, pp. 428-43,(2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.034

[32] M. Arastouei, M. Khodaei, S. M. Atyabi and M. J. Nodoushan, “Poly lactic acid-akermanite composite scaffolds prepared by fused filament fabrication for bone tissue engineering”, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 14540-14548, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.036

[33] C. Zhao, H. Wu, J. Ni, S. Zhang and X. Zhang, “Development of PLA/Mg composite for orthopedic implant: Tunable degradation and enhanced mineralization”, Composites Science and Technology, vol. 147, pp. 8-15, (2017).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.04.037

[34] S.S. Milani, M.G. Kakroudi, N. P. Vafa, S. Rahro and F. Behboudi, “Synthesis and characterization of MgAl2O4 spinel precursor sol prepared by inorganic salts”, Ceramics International, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 4813-4819, (2021).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.051

[35] S. Dash, R. K. Sahoo, A. Das, S. Bajpai, D. Debasish and S. K. Singh, “Synthesis of MgAl2O4 spinel by thermal plasma and its synergetic structural study”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 726, pp. 1186-1194,  (2017).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.085

[36] S. J. Álvarez-Méndez, J. L. Ramos-Suárez, A. Ritter, J. M. González and Á. C. Pérez, “Anaerobic digestion of commercial PLA and PBAT biodegradable plastic bags: Potential biogas production and 1H NMR and ATR-FTIR assessed biodegradation”, Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 6, (2023).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16691

[37] N. Choksi, H. Desai, “Synthesis of biodegradable polylactic acid polymer by using lactic acid monomer,” International Journal of Applied Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 377-384, (2017.)