Thermodynamically Prediction of in-Situ Al3Ti, Al3Zr Aluminides Formation in Friction Stir Processing Based on Effective Gibbs Free Energy Change of Formation (〖"∆G" 〗^"e" ) Model

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

• Mojtaba Zadali Mohammad Kotiyani
• Khalil Ranjbar

Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

10.22067/ma.v31i2.68080

Abstract

In this study, Al-surface composite reinforced by in-situ formed  and  aluminide particles was fabricated by using friction stir processing (FSP). A rolled AA 3003-H14 aluminum alloy sheet and equal proportion of Zirconium and Titanium metal powders as reinforcement were used to fabricate Al-surface composite. Six FSP passes were applied to improve the distribution of reinforcing particles. Microstructural examinations were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and phase analysis was done by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Microstructural investigation revealed that due to the solid state chemical reactions,  and  aluminides have formed at the interface between the metal powders and the aluminum alloy matrix. Formation of these aluminides with in the span time of less than 40 s, was attributed to the activated thermomechanical condition induced by FSP. The effective Gibbs free energy change of formation ( ) model was used to thermodynamically predict the aluminide phase formation at the interface between the matrix and the reinforcing metal particles. The results of prediction, matched well with the experimental observations.

Keywords

• Friction stir processing
• AA 3003-H14 alloy
• Al3Z
• Al3Ti مدل G∆
• ^"e" model

---

References

1. Sarkari Khorrami, M., Samadi, S., Janghorban, Z., Movahedi M., ''In-situ aluminum matrix composite produced by friction stir processing using Fe particles'', Materials Science & Engineering A, Vol. 641, pp. 380–390, (2015).
2. Singh, J., Chauhan, A., ''Characterization of hybrid aluminum matrix composites for advanced applications – A review'', Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol. 5, pp. 159-169, (2016).
3. Sajjadi, S.A., Ezatpour, H.R., Beygi, H., ''Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Al2O3 micro and nano composites fabricated by stir casting'', Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 528, pp. 8765– 8771, (2011).
4. Culha, O., Tekmen, C., Toparli, M., Tsunekawa, Y., ''Mechanical properties of in situ Al2O3 formed Al–Si composite coating via atmospheric plasma spraying'', Materials and Design, Vol. 31, pp. 533–544, (2010).
5. X Jiang., Liu W., ''Wear characteristic of in situ synthetic TiB2 particulate-reinforced Al matrix composite formed by laser cladding'', Wear, Vol. 260, pp. 486–492, (2006).
6. Narimani, M., Lotfi, B., Sadeghian, Z., ''Evaluation of the microstructure and wear behaviour of AA6063-B4C/TiB2 mono and hybrid composite layers produced by friction stir processing'', Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 285, pp. 1-10, (2016).
7. Lu L., Lai M.O., Ng C.W., ''Enhanced mechanical properties of an Al based metal matrix composite prepared using mechanical alloying'', Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 252, pp. 203–211, (1998).
8. Reihanian, M., Fayezipour, S., Lari Baghal, S.M., ''Nanostructured Al/SiC-Graphite Composites Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding: Role of Graphite on Microstructure, Wear and Tensile Behavior'', Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 26, pp. 1908-1919, (2017).
9. Mishra, R.S., Ma, Z.Y., Charit I., ''Friction stir processing: a novel technique for fabrication of surface Composite'', Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 341, pp. 307-310, (2003).
10. Mishra, R.S., Ma ,Z.Y., ''Friction stir welding and processing'', Materials Science and Engineering R, Vol. 50, pp. 1-78, (2005).
11. Tjong, S.C., Ma Z.Y., ''Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of in situ metal matrix composites'', Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 29, pp. 49-113, (2000).
12. Khodabakhshi, F., Simchi, A., Kokabi, A.H., Gerlich, A.P., ''Friction stir processing of aluminum matrix nanocomposites by pre-placing elemental titanium powder: In-situ formation of Al3Ti nanoparticles and metallurgical characteristics'', Materials Characterization, Vol. 108, pp. 102-114, (2015).
13. Qian, J., Li J., Xiong, J., Zhang, F., Lin, X., ''In situ synthesizing Al3Ni for fabrication of intermetallic-reinforced aluminum alloy composites by friction stir processing'', Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 550, pp. 279– 285, (2012).
14. Hosseini Zeidabadi, S. R., Daneshmanesh, H., ''Fabrication and characterization of in-situ Al/Nb metal/intermetallic surface composite by friction stir processing'', Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 15, pp. 189-195, (2017).
15. Varin R.A., ''Intermetallic-Reinforced Light-Metal Matrix In-Situ Composites'', Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 33, pp. 193–201, (2002).
16. Pretorius, R., Vredenberg, A. M., Saris, F. W., de Reus R., ''Prediction of phase formation sequence and phase stability in binary metal‐aluminum thin‐film systems using the effective heat of formation rule'', Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 70, pp. 3636-3646, (1991).
17. Wei, Y., Li J., Xiong, J., Zhang, F., ''Investigation of interdiffusion and intermetallic compounds in Al–Cu joint produced by continuous drive friction welding'', Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 90-95, (2016).
18. Lee, I.S., Kao, P.W., Ho, N.J., ''Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Fe in situ nanocomposite produced by friction stir processing'', Intermetallics, Vol. 16, 1104–1108, (2008).
19. Hsu, C.J., Chang, C.Y., Kao, P.W., Ho, N.J., Chang, C.P., ''Al–Al3Ti nanocomposites produced in situ by friction stir processing'', Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, pp. 5241–5249, (2006).
20. Sato, Y. S., Park, S. H. C., Kokawa, H., ''Microstructural Factors Governing Hardness in Friction-Stir Welds of Solid-Solution-Hardened Al Alloys'', Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 32, pp. 3033-3042, (2001).
21. Wang, T., Jin Z., Zhao, J.C., ''Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-Zr binary system'', Journal of Phase Equilibria, Vol. 22, pp. 544-551, (2001).
22. Kattner, U.R., Lin, J.-C., Chang, Y.A., ''Thermodynamic Assessment and Calculation of the Ti-Al System'', Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 23, pp. 2081–2090, (1992).
23. Anvari, S.R., Karimzadeh, F., Enayati, M.H., ''A novel route for development of Al–Cr–O surface nano-composite by friction stir processing'', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 562, pp. 48–55, (2013).
24. Alatalo, M., Weinert, M., Watson, R. E., ''Stability of Zr-Al alloys'', Physical Review B, Vol. 57, pp. 2009-2012, (1998).
25. Laik, A., Bhanumurthy, K., Kale, G.B., ''Intermetallics in the Zr–Al diffusion zone'', Intermetallics, Vol. 12, pp. 69–74, (2004).