Effect of laser line interruption on the structure and magnetic properties of GO-silicon-steel-sheets in the laser scribing process

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

Mohammadreza Jahangiri ¹

Hessam Bayani ²

Mohammad Ardestani ³

¹ Metallurgy Research Group, Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic

10.22067/jmme.2022.74057.1036

Abstract

In this work, the effect of laser line interruption was studied on the structure and magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets during the laser-scribing process in the presence/absence of an external magnetic field. By applying different patterns of interruption, the effect of discontinuity length, one-sided or two-sided application of laser and overlapping or non-overlapping of laser lines (for sheets scribed on both sides) was investigated on the domain structure and core losses of silicon steel sheets. Based on the results of these experiments, the optimal conditions of discontinuous laser scribing were obtained. The results show that although at small interruption lengths such as 2 mm, the effect of laser scribing is negligible on reducing the core losses, but by increasing the interruption length to about 6 mm, the magnetic losses are greatly improved. By re-increasing the length of interruption to about 10 mm, the core losses increase again and this indicates that a break length of 6 mm creates optimal core losses in the sheets. Use of a longitudinal external magnetic field during the discontinuous laser irradiation with an optimum interruption pattern results in a reduction of about 16% in core losses in grain-oriented silicon steel sheets.

Keywords

Grain-oriented silicon steel

Laser scribing

Laser discontinuity

Domain structure

Core loss

20.1001.1.20087462.1401.33.2.10.0

Subjects

• Physical Metallurgy

---

References

1. Cullity, B. D., and Graham, C. D., "Introduction to Magnetic Materials", Wiley-IEEE Press, Hoboken, New Jersey, pp. 1-21, (2008).
2. Krishnan, K.M., "Fundamentals and Applications of Magnetic Materials", First Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (2016).
3. Soinski, M. and Moses, A.J., "Anisotropy in Iron-Based Soft Magnetic Materials", Handbook of Magnetic Materials (Chapter 4), Vol. 8, Elsevier Science B. V, pp. 325-414, (1995).
4. Sankara Subramanian, A.T., Meenalochini, P., Suba Bala Sathiya, S. and Ram Prakash, G., "A review on selection of soft magnetic materials for industrial drives", Materials Today Proceedings, Vol. 45, pp. 1591-1596, (2021).
5. Krings, A., Boglietti, A., Cavagnino, A. and Sprague, S., "Soft magnetic material status and trends in electric machines", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 64, pp. 2405-2414, (2017).
6. Herzer, G., "Modern soft magnets: amorphous and nanocrystalline materials", Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, pp. 718-734, (2013).
7. Song, H., Liu, H., Wang, Y. and Wang, G., "Microstructure and texture evolution of ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel sheet fabricated using strip casting and three-stage cold rolling method", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 426, pp. 32-39, (2017).
8. Imafuku, M., Suzuki, H., Akita, K., Iwata, K. and Fujikura, M., "Effects of laser irradiation on iron loss reduction for Fe–3%Si grain-oriented silicon steel", Acta Materialia, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 939-945, (2005).
9. Sato, K., Honda, A., Nakano, K., Ishida, M., Fukuda, B. and Kan, T., "Development of domain refined grain‐oriented silicon steel by grooving", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 73, No. 10, 6609, (1993).
10. Iuchi, T., Yamaguchi, S. and Ichiyama, T., "Laser processing for reducing core loss of grain oriented silicon steel", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 53, No. 3, 2410, (1982).
11. Inokuti, Y., "Grain oriented silicon steel sheet with a ceramic film characterized by ultra-low iron loss", Vacuum, Vol. 47, No. 6–8, pp. 857-862, (1996).
12. Zhang Y., Gu H., Yang S. and Huang A., "Improved magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon steel by in-situ formation of potassium zirconium phosphate in insulating coating", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 506, 166802, (2020).
13. Li J., Gu Y. and Guo Z., "Decreasing the core loss of grain-oriented silicon steel by laser processing", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 69, No. 1–3, pp. 180-185, (1997).
14. Patri, S., Gurusamy, R., Molian, P. A. and Govindaraju, M., "Magnetic domain refinement of silicon-steel laminations by laser scribing", Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, pp. 1693-1702, (1996).
15. Nesser, M., Maloberti, O., Dupuy, J., Salloum, E., Panier, S., Fortin, J. and Dassonvalle, P., "Correlation between laser energetic parameters and magnetic properties of GO laminations under surface treatments with long, short or ultra-short pulsed lasers", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 504, 166696, (2020).
16. Takajo, S., Ito, T.; Omura, T. and Okabe, S., "Loss and noise analysis of transformer comprising grooved grain-oriented silicon steel", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 53, No. 9, 2001606, (2017).
17. Ouyang, G., Chen, X., Liang, Y., Macziewski, C. and Cui, J., "Review of Fe-6.5 wt%Si high silicon steel—A promising soft magnetic material for sub-kHz application", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 481, pp. 234-250, (2019).
18. Weidenfeller, B. and Riehemann, W. "Effects of surface treatments on the hysteresis losses of GO iron silicon steel", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 292, pp. 210-214, (2005).
19. Qiu, F., Ren, W., Tian, G. and Gao, B., "Characterization of applied tensile stress using domain wall dynamic behavior of grain-oriented electrical steel", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 432, pp. 250-259, (2017).
20. Petryshynets, I., Kovac, F., Puchy, V., Sebek, M., Fuzer, J. and Kollar, P., "Magnetic losses reduction in grain oriented silicon steel by pulse and continuous fiber laser processing", AIP Advances, Vol. 8, 047604, (2018).
21. Rauscher, P., Betz, B., Hauptmann, J., Wetzig, A., Beyer, E. and Grünzweig, C., "The influence of laser scribing on magnetic domain formation in grain oriented electrical steel visualized by directional neutron dark-field imaging", Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Article number: 38307, (2016).
22. Cheng, L., Ma, G., Chen, X., Yang, F., Meng, L., Yang, Y., Li, G. and Dong, H., "Evolutions of microstructure and magnetic properties of heatproof domain-refined silicon steel during annealing and its application", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 514, 167264, (2020).
23. Jahangiri, M.R., Bayani, H., Ardestani, M. and Mehdizadeh, M., "Core loss reduction in grain-oriented silicon steel sheets by two-sided laser scribing in the presence of a magnetic field", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 891, 162080, (2022).
24. Shilling, J. and Houze, G., "Magnetic properties and domain structure in grain-oriented 3% Si-Fe", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 195-223, (1974).
25. Hubert, O. and Daniel, L., "Multiscale modeling of the magneto-mechanical behavior of grain-oriented silicon steels", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 320, No. 7, pp. 1412-1422, (2008).
26. De Campos, M.F., Emura, M. and Landgraf, F.J.G., "Consequences of magnetic aging for iron losses in electrical steels", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 304, No. 2, pp. e593-e595, (2006).
27. Houze, G. L. Jr., "Domain‐wall motion in grain‐oriented silicon steel in cyclic magnetic fields", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 1089-1095, (1967).
28. Skorvanek, I., Marcin, J., Krenicky, T., Kovac, J., Svec, P. and Janickovic, D., "Improved soft magnetic behaviour in field-annealed nanocrystalline hitperm alloys", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 304, No. 2, pp. 203-207, (2006).
29. Perevertov, O., Thielsch, J. and Schafer, R., "Effect of applied tensile stress on the hysteresis curve and magnetic domain structure of grain-oriented transverse Fe-3%Si steel", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 385, pp. 358-367, (2015).