Journal Of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Journal Of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

The Synergistic Effect of Iodide on the Inhibitory Activity of Agarose towards Iron Corrosion

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Zohreh Moradi 1
Zahra Yavari 2
Salameh Nematiyan 1
1 Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
2 ,Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
10.22067/jmme.2025.90558.1165
Abstract
In industry, the polymers are known as efficient corrosion inhibitors. Among them, the natural polymers are of interest with easy access and low price. In the present work, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of agarose was investigated due to the presence of numerous oxygen atoms in the structure, which are capable of protonation in acid. The polarizability and electron density of agarose were enhanced by adding iodide to its structure. Therefore, the corrosion rate of iron samples was investigated in sulfuric acid and the agarose - potassium iodide mixture with different mass ratios (AG, AG:I, AG:2I and AG:3I) as inhibitors. The efficiency of four introduced inhibitors was compared with different techniques such as: Tafel polarization, gravimetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the gravimetric results in the presence of 0.5 g/l inhibitor, the percentage of corrosion inhibition increased from 44.14% for AG to 88.68% for AG:3I. Iodine-containing polymer to improve surface Coverage acted as a mixed inhibitor by physically adsorbing on the surface and affecting the anodic and cathodic half-reactions of corrosion. The presence of iodide in the structure of agarose increases the electron density of the inhibitory polymer and strengthens its inhibitory function.
Keywords
Agarose
Tafel Curve
Mixed Inhibitor
Gravimetric Analysis
Surface Coverage
Subjects
[1] N. Jafari, S. A. Ahmadi and R. Razieh, “Experimental and computational study of Trachyspermum leaves extract as a green inhibitor for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl,” Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 3324-3337, 2023.  https://doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2023.1971031.5659
[2] S. Mahvidi, M. Gharagozlou, M. Mahdavian, and S. Naghibi, “Potency of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel; the pigment extract study,” Materials Research, vol. 20, pp. 1492-1502, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2016-0772
[3] S. Wilbur, H. Abadin et al, “Toxicological Profile for Chromium,” Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US), Atlanta (GA), 2012.
[4] M.M. Kabanda L.C. Murulana et al, “Theoretical studies on phenazine and related compounds as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in sulphuric acid medium,” International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 7179-7205, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)15777-4
[5] H. Ju, Zh. P. Kai, and Y. Li, “Aminic nitrogen-bearing polydentate Schiff base compounds as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic media: a quantum chemical calculation,” Corrosion Science, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 865–871, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2007.10.009 
[6] A. Abdel Nazeer, H. M. El-Abbasy, and A. S. Fouda, “Antibacterial drugs as environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acid medium,” Research on Chemical Intermediates, vol. 39, pp. 921–939, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-012-0605-y
[7] C. Verma, M. A. Quraishi, and K. Y. Rhee, “Aqueous phase polymeric corrosion inhibitors: Recent advancements and future opportunities,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 348, p. 118387, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118387
[8] N. A. Aljeaban, L. K. M. O. Goni, B. G. Alharbi, M. A. Jafar Mazumder, S. A. Ali, T. Chen, and H. A. Al-Muallem, “Polymers decorated with functional motifs for mitigation of steel corrosion: an overview,” International Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 2020, no. 1, p. 9512680, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9512680
[9] R. Sheikhpour, M. Edraqi, A. Musazadeh Moghadampour, “Use of environmentally friendly polymer corrosion inhibitors to protect metal structures in petrochemical industries,” Fifth National Conference on Innovation and Technology in Life Sciences, Iranian Chemistry, Tehran, (1400). https://civilica.com/doc/1426024
[10] S. A. Umoren and M. M. Solomon, “Recent developments on the use of polymers as corrosion inhibitors—a review,” Open Materials Science Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 39–54, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874088X01408010039
[11] S. V. Lee and A. R. Bahaman, “Discriminatory power of agarose gel electrophoresis in DNA fragments analysis,” Gel Electrophoresis—Principles and Basics, pp. 41–56, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5772/36891
[12] R. Armisen and F. Galatas, “Production, properties and uses of agar,” Production and Utilization of Products from Commercial Seaweeds, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, no. 288, pp. 1–57, 1987.
[13] P. Zucca, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, and E. Sanjust, “Agarose and its derivatives as supports for enzyme immobilization,” Molecules, vol. 21, no. 11, p. 1577, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111577
[14] W. A. Siddiqui, M. Ch. Vishwa et al, “Inhibition of acid corrosion on mild steel with Agar in hydrochloric acid medium at different temperatures,” Material Science Research India, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 175–182, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/040124
[15] R.S. Nathiya, S. Perumal et al, “Agarose as an efficient inhibitor for aluminium corrosion in acidic medium: an experimental and theoretical study,” Journal of Bio-and Tribo-Corrosion, vol. 3, pp. 1–17, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-017-0103-2
[16] L. Larabi, Y. Harek et al, “Synergistic influence of poly(4-vinylpyridine) and potassium iodide on inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl,” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 34, pp. 833–839, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JACH.0000035609.09564.e6
[17] A. Chetouani, K. Medjahed et al, “Poly(4-vinylpyridine isopentyl bromide) as inhibitor for corrosion of pure iron in molar sulphuric acid,” Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 46, pp. 312–316, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00019-5
[18] S.A. Umoren, Y. Li et al, “Electrochemical study of corrosion inhibition and adsorption behaviour for pure iron by polyacrylamide in H2SO4: Synergistic effect of iodide ions,” Corrosion Science, vol. 52, pp. 1777–1786, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.01.026
[19] A.A. Abdel-Azim, R. Milad et al, “Corrosion inhibition efficiency of water soluble ethoxylated trimethylol propane by gravimetric analysis,” Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 15–20, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2014.02.003
[20] Ch. Rahal, M. Masmoudi et al, “Olive leaf extract as natural corrosion inhibitor for pure copper in 0.5 M NaCl solution: A study by voltammetry around OCP,” Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 769, pp. 53–61, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.03.010
[21] R. Rosliza, H.B. Senin et al, “Electrochemical properties and corrosion inhibition of AA6061 in tropical seawater,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 312, no. 2–3, pp. 185–189, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.06.061
[22] Z. Sanaei, M. Ramezanzadeh et al, “Use of Rosa canina fruit extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution: A complementary experimental, molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics investigation,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 69, pp. 18–31, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.013
[23] Z. Yavari, S. Nematiyan et al, “A simple strategy to increase inhibitory activity of chitosan towards iron corrosion in acidic media,” Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 227–234, 2020. https://doi.org/10.56042/ijct.v27i3.28382
[24] M. Dehdab, Z. Yavari et al, “The inhibition of carbon-steel corrosion in seawater by streptomycin and tetracycline antibiotics: an experimental and theoretical study,” Desalination, vol. 400, pp. 7–17, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.007 
[25] Y. He, R. Shuai et al, “Temperature dependence of adsorption and effectiveness for a pyrimidinium-type corrosion inhibitor on mild steel,” Corrosion, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 177–186, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/4346
[26] G. Ayyannan, K. Karthikeyan et al, “Chemical and electrochemical investigations of high carbon steel corrosion inhibition in 10% HCl medium by quinoline chalcones,” Ionics, vol. 19, pp. 919–932, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-012-0812-y
[27] I. R. Burrows, K. L. Dick, and J. A. Harrison, “A comparison of the rate of copper deposition at mercury, copper amalgam and copper metal,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 81–84, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(76)85041-4
[28] Kh. U. Ilyas, E. Budiyati, N. Hidayati, and T. Widayatno, “Thermodynamic study of chitosan as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in chloride solutions (NaCl and HCl) at various temperatures and concentrations,” Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 569–579, 2024. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.27.12.569-579
[29] N. Setti, A. Barrahi et al, “Structural effect of bipyrazole derivatives on corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 1 M HCl: weight loss, electrochemical measurements, XPS/SEM surface analysis, DFT and MC simulations,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 5371–5394, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP02946A
[30] J. R. Macdonald, “Impedance spectroscopy,” Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 289–305, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02368532
[31] E. McCafferty, Introduction to Corrosion Science, Springer Science & Business Media, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0455-3
[32] J. Wang, L. Cui et al, “Corrosion inhibition effect of sycamore leaf extract on copper in H2SO4 solution,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 26, pp. 6689–6702, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.067
Send comment about this article
Enter Name.
Enter a valid email address.
Enter a vaid affiliation.
Enter comments (At leaset 10 words)
CAPTCHA Image
Enter Security Code Correctly.