Experimental study of the effect of hot rolling parameters on the critical temperatures of API X70 pipeline steel

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

• mostafa nakhaei
• masoud rakhshkhorshid
• seyed hojat hashemi

birjand university

10.22067/ma.v27i1.35359

Abstract

The critical temperatures of a thermomechanical process have a great importance for the final microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength low alloy steels. In this study, the average scheduling was used to determine the critical temperatures of API X70 steel. This steel is extensively used in Iran for large diameter, high-pressure gas transportation pipelines as well as the oil transmission networks. The critical temperatures in various conditions including different strains, strain rates (from 0.1 to 1 s-1) and rolling interpass times were determined and the effects of these parameters on no-recrystallization critical temperature (Tnr) was investigated. The results showed that Tnr decreased with an increase in the strain and strain rate. In addition, it was observed that Tnr increased with a decrease in the interpass time. A good agreement was found between the results of this research with those of existing empirical relations and those of similar steel. With regard to the lack of experimental data, the results obtained in the present study can be used for production of API X70 steel in Iran.

Keywords

• Hot Deformation
• No-Recrystallization Temperature
• Hot Torsion Test
• API X70 pipeline steel

---

References

1. S. Shanmugam, N. K. Ramisetti, R. D. K. Misra, J. Hartmann, S. G. Jansto, "Microstructure and high strength–toughness combination of a new 700MPa Nb-microalloyed pipeline steel", Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 478, No. 1–2, pp. 26-37, (2008).
2. M. C. Zhao, K. Yang, Y.-Y. Shan, "Comparison on strength and toughness behaviors of microalloyed pipeline steels with acicular ferrite and ultrafine ferrite", Materials Letters, Vol. 57, No. 9–10, pp. 1496-1500, (2003).
3. J.-m. Zhang, W.-h. Sun, H. Sun, "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of X120 Grade High Strength Pipeline Steel", Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, Vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 63-67, (2010).
4. A. Dehghan-Manshadi, R. Dippenaar, "The Behavior of Precipitates during Hot-Deformation of Low-Manganese, Titanium-Added Pipeline Steels", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 41, No. 13, pp. 3291-3296, (2010).
5. T. Schambron, A. W. Phillips, D. M. O'Brien, J. Burg, E. V. Pereloma, C. C. Killmore, J. A. Williams, "Thermomechanical Processing of Pipeline Steels with a Reduced Mn Content", ISIJ International, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 284-292, (2009).
6. J. Calvo, L. Collins, S. Yue, "Design of Microalloyed Steel Hot Rolling Schedules by Torsion Testing: Average Schedule vs. Real Schedule", ISIJ International, Vol. 50, pp. 1193–1199, (2010).
7. J. Calvo, I. H. Jung, A. M. Elwazri, D. Bai, S. Yue, "Influence of the chemical composition on transformation behaviour of low carbon microalloyed steels", Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 520, No. 1–2, pp. 90-96, (2009).
8. A. Najafi-Zadeh, S. Yue, J. J. Jonas, "Influence of Hot Strip Rolling Parameters on Austenite Recrystallization in Interstitial Free Steels", ISIJ International, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 213-221, (1992).
9. L. N. Pussegoda, J. J. Jonas, "Comparison of Dynamic Recrystallization and Conventional Controlled Rolling Schedules by Laboratory Simulation", ISIJ International, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 278-288, (1991).
10. F. H. Samuel, S. Yue, J. J. Jonas, K. R. Barnes, "Effect of Dynamic Recrystallization on Microstructural Evolution during Strip Rolling", ISIJ International, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 216-225, (1990).
11. L. P. Karjalainen, T. M. Maccagno, J. J. Jonas, "Softening and Flow Stress Behaviour of Nb Microalloyed Steels during Hot Rolling Simulation", ISIJ International, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 1523-1531, (1995).
12. A. Kojima, Y. Watanabe, Y. Terada, A. Yoshie, H. Tamehiro, "Ferrite Grain Refinement by Large Reduction per Pass in Non-recrystallization Temperature Region of Austenite", ISIJ International, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 603-610, (1996).
13. T. M. Maccagno, J. J. Jonas, S. Yue, B. J. McCrady, R. Slobodian, D. Deeks, "Determination of Recrystallization Stop Temperature from Rolling Mill Logs and Comparison with Laboratory Simulation Results", ISIJ International, Vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 917-922, (1994).
14. F. Siciliano, Jr., J. Jonas, "Mathematical modeling of the hot strip rolling of microalloyed Nb", multiply-alloyed Cr-Mo, and plain C-Mn steels, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 511-530, (2000).
15. A. Zaky, "Determinations of the non-recrystallization temperature for X52 steel produced by compact slab process combined with direct hot rolling", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 651-655, (2006).
16. S. Solhjoo, R. Ebrahimi, "Prediction of no-recrystallization temperature by simulation of multi-pass flow stress curves from single-pass curves", Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 45, No. 21, pp. 5960-5966, (2010).
17. M. I. Vega, S. F. Medina, M. Chapa, A. Quispe, "Determination of Critical Temperatures (Tnr, Ar3, Ar1) in Hot Rolling of Structural Steels with Different Ti and N Contents", ISIJ International, Vol. 39, No. 12, pp. 1304-1310, (1999).
18. D. Bai, S. Yue, J. Jonas, W. Sun, "Effect of deformation parameters on the no-recrystallization temperature in Nb-bearing steels", Metallurgical Transactions, A (Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science), Vol. 24, No. 10, (1993).
19. S.H. Hashemi, M. Rakhshkhorshid, "ANN model for investigation the effect of chemical composition on hardness and impact energy in API X65 microalloyed steel", Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 156-163, (2012). In Persian
20. R. Abad, A. I. Fernandez, B. Lopez, J. M. Rodriguez-Ibabe, "Interaction between Recrystallization and Precipitation during Multipass Rolling in a Low Carbon Niobium Microalloyed Steel", ISIJ International, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 1373-1382, (2001).
21. M. Gomez, S. F. Medina, A. Quispe, P. Valles, "Static Recrystallization and Induced Precipitation in a Low Nb Microalloyed Steel", ISIJ International, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 423-431, (2002).
22. D. Mohammadyani, S. H. Hashemi, M. Pouranvari, S. M. Mousavizadeh, "On the relation of microstructure and impact toughness characteristics of DSAW steel of grade API X70", Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 32, pp. 33-40, (2009).
23. A. Akbarzadeh," Effect of thermomechanical processing on microstructure, texture, and anisotropy in two Nb microalloyed steels", Ph.D thesis, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, (1997).
24. B. Mirzakhani, M. Salehi, S. Khoddam, S. Seyedein, M. Aboutalebi, "Investigation of Dynamic and Static Recrystallization Behavior During Thermomechanical Processing in a API-X70 Microalloyed Steel", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 18, pp. 1029-1034, (2009).
25. L. J. Cuddy, J. J. Bauwin, J. C. Raley, "Recrystallization of austenite", Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 381-386, (1980).
26. W. Sun, M. Militzer, J. Jonas, "Diffusion-controlled growth and coarsening of MnS during hot deformaion", Metallurgical transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 3013-3023, (1992).
27. D. Q. Bai,"Effect of rolling parameters on the no-recrystallization temperature (Tnr) in Nb-bearing steels", Degree of Master of Engineering Thesis, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, (1993).
28. W.P. Sun, M. Militzer, D.Q. Bai, J.J. Jonas, "Effect of Interpass Time on Austenite Recrystallization in Nb-Containing HSLA Steels", Materials Science Forum, Vol. 113 - 115, pp. 533-538, (1993).
29. C. Ouchi, T. Sampei, I. Kozasu, "The Effect of Hot Rolling Condition and Chemical Composition on the Onset Temperature of Gamma-Alpha Transformation after Hot Rolling", Trans ISIJ (Iron and Steel Inst. Japan), Vol. 22, pp. 214-222, (1982).
30. F. Boratto, R. Barbosa, S. Yue, J.J. Jonas, "The Influence of Chemical Composition on the Recrystallization Behavior of Microalloyed Steel", THERMEC88 Conference Proceedings, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 51-61, (1988).
31. A. Al Shahrani, N. Yazdipour, A. Dehghan-Manshadi, A. A. Gazder, C. Cayron, E. V. Pereloma, "The effect of processing parameters on the dynamic recrystallisation behaviour of API-X70 pipeline steel", Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 570, No. 0, pp. 70-81, (2013).