The Feasibility of Producing CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy Coatings by Electrochemical Deposition Method and Its Characterization

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

• Fateme yoosefan
• Ali Ashrafi
• Sayed Mahmoud Monir Vaghefi

Isfahan University of Technology

10.22067/ma.v31i1.72033

Abstract

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are commonly defined as alloys composed of 5 or more alloying elements and several particular HEA systems have the ability to form a mono-phase solid solution structure. Altogether there are many high entropy alloys with unique properties. The production of high entropy alloys has been carried out in two types of bulk and coatings; HEAs are usually prepared by physical methods that used for obtaining bulk materials. HEA coatings have been produced by various deposition methods. Electrochemical deposition is a low-cost alternative for the synthesis of high entropy alloy thin films, and less research has been done on this method. In the present study, CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy was produced by potentiostatic electrochemical deposition in a chlorine bath with DMF-CH3CN solvent. The effect of applying constant potentials at values ​​of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 volts on the formation of a high entropy alloy with a solid solution structure FCC, composition and morphology was investigated. Microstructure and chemical composition are determined by X-ray diffraction for thin films (GXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to investigate the corrosion behavior. The results of the EDS analysis showed that the chemical composition changed with the change of each electrodeposition parameters, but in all states, the entropy of mixing around 12 JK-1mol-1 that was in the range of formation of high entropy alloys. The results of the GXRD analysis proved the formation of a solid solution structure with the simple FCC phase. Coating morphology in a constant potential coating was flat, non-cracked and compact.

Keywords

• High entropy alloys
• Solid solution
• Electrochemical electrodeposition

---

References

1. Adelkhani H., Arshadi, M.R., "Properties of Fe–Ni–Cr alloy coatings by using direct and pulse current electrodeposition". Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 476, No. 1–2, pp.234–237, (2009).
2. Cheng J., Liu D., Liang X., Xu B. "Microstructure and electrochemical properties of CoCrCuFeNiNb high-entropy alloys coatings". Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), Vol. 27, No.6, pp. 1031–1037, (2014).
3. Chung C.-K., Chang W.T., "Effect of pulse frequency and current density on anomalous composition and nanomechanical property of electrodeposited Ni–Co films", Thin Solid Films, Vol. 517, No. 17, pp.4800–4804, (2009).
4. Dolati A.G., Ghorbani M., Afshar A., "The electrodeposition of quaternary Fe–Cr–Ni–Mo alloys from the chloride-complexing agents electrolyte" Part I Processing, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 166, No. 2–3, pp.105–110, (2003).
5. Hsu C.-Y., Yeh J.-W., Chen S.-K., Shun T.-T., "Wear resistance and high-temperature compression strength of Fcc CuCoNiCrAl 0.5 Fe alloy with boron addition", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 35, 5, pp. 1465–1469, (2004).
6. Jeniček V., Diblikova L., Blahova M., "Electrochemical deposition of coatings of highly entropic alloys from non-aqueous solutions", Koroze a ochrana materialu, Vol. 60, No.1, pp. 6–12, (2016).
7. Kang J.-C., Lalvani S.B., Melendres C.A., "Electrodeposition and characterization of amorphous Fe-Ni-Cr-based alloys", Journal of applied electrochemistry, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 376–383, (1995).
8. Li W.-J., Khan U., Irfan M., Javed K., Liu P., Ban S.L., Han X.F., "Fabrication and magnetic investigations of highly uniform CoNiGa alloy nanowires", Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 432, pp.124–128, (2017).
9. Liu X.-T., Lei W.-B., Li J., Ma Y., Wang W.-M., Zhang B.-H., Liu C.-S., Cui J.-Z., "Laser cladding of high-entropy alloy on H13 steel", Rare Metals, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp.727–730, (2014).
10. Loukil N., Feki M., "Zn–Mn alloy coatings from acidic chloride bath: Effect of deposition conditions on the Zn–Mn electrodeposition-morphological and structural characterization", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 410, pp. 574–584, (2017).
11. Miracle D.B., Senkov O.N., "A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts", Acta Materialia, Vol. 122, pp. 448–511, (2017).
12. Murty B.S., Yeh J. W, Ranganathan S., "High-entropy alloys", Butterworth-Heinemann, (2014).
13. Oh J.-E., Kim Y.-H., "The corrosion resistance characteristics of Ni, Mn, and Zn phosphates in automotive body panel coatings", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 1082–1087, (2012).
14. Otto F., Dlouhý A., Somsen C., Bei H., Eggeler G., George E.P., "The influences of temperature and microstructure on the tensile properties of a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy", Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, No.15, pp. 5743–5755, (2013).
15. Ramezanzadeh B., Attar M.M. and Farzam M., "Corrosion performance of a hot-dip galvanized steel treated by different kinds of conversion coatings", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 205, No.3, pp. 874–884, (2010).
16. Ren B., Liu Z.X., Li D.M., Shi L., Cai B., Wang, M.X., "Effect of elemental interaction on microstructure of CuCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy system", journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 493, No. 1–2, pp.148–153, (2010).
17. Soare V., Burada M., Constantin I., Mitrică D., Bădiliţă V., Caragea A., Târcolea M., "Electrochemical deposition and microstructural characterization of AlCrFeMnNi and AlCrCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy thin films", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 358, pp.533–539, (2015).
18. Tasan C.C., Deng Y., Pradeep K.G., Yao M.J., Springer H., Raabe D., "Composition dependence of phase stability, deformation mechanisms, and mechanical properties of the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy system". Jom, Vol. 66, No. 10, pp. 1993–2001, (2014).
19. Tsai M.-H., Yeh J.-W., "High-entropy alloys: a critical review", Materials Research Letters, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 107–123, (2014).
20. Tsai W.-T., Chung S.-T., "Electrodeposition of high phosphorus Ni–P alloys in emulsified supercritical CO2 baths", The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol. 95, pp. 292–297, (2014).
21. Yao C.-Z., Zhang P., Liu M., Li G.-R., Ye J.-Q., Liu P., Tong Y.-X., "Electrochemical preparation and magnetic study of Bi–Fe–Co–Ni–Mn high entropy alloy", Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 53, No. 28, pp. 8359–8365, (2008).
22. Ye Q., Feng K., Li Z., Lu F., Li R., Huang J., Wu Y., "Microstructure and corrosion properties of CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy coating", Applied Surface Science, Vol. 396, pp. 1420–1426, (2017).
23. Yeh J., Chen S., Lin S., Gan J., Chin T., Shun T., Tsau C., Chang S., "Nanostructured high‐entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: novel alloy design concepts and outcomes", Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 299–303, (2004).
24. Yu P.F., Zhang L.J., Cheng H., Zhang H., Ma M. Z., Li Y. C., Li G., Liaw P. K., Liu R. P., "The high-entropy alloys with high hardness and soft magnetic property prepared by mechanical alloying and high-pressure sintering", Intermetallics, Vol. 70, pp.82–87, (2016).
25. Zhang L. S., Ma G. L., Fu L. C, Tian J. Y., "Recent progress in high-entropy alloys", Advanced Materials Research, pp. 227–232, (2013).
26. Zhang S., Wu C.L., Zhang C.H., Guan M., Tan J. Z., "Laser surface alloying of FeCoCrAlNi high-entropy alloy on 304 stainless steel to enhance corrosion and cavitation erosion resistance", Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 84, pp. 23–31, (2016).
27. Zhang Y., Zuo T.T., Tang Z., Gao M.C., Dahmen K. A., Liaw P. K., Lu Z. P., "Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys", Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 61, pp. 1–93, (2014).