مهندسی سطح تیتانیم به کمک فرآیند آندایز الکتروشیمیایی دو مرحله‌ای: مکانیزم جوانه‌زنی و رشد نانولوله‌های اکسید تیتانیم

نوع مقاله : علمی و پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فائزه درویشیان حقیقی

نازنین یزدان پرست

سحر ملازاده بیدختی

محسن حداد سبزوار

گروه مهندسی متالورژی و مواد، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jmme.2026.95575.1224

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، نانولوله‌های اکسیدی تیتانیم رشد‌یافته بر روی زیرلایه فلزی تیتانیم به دلیل کاربردهای گسترده در حوزه‌ پزشکی و انرژی مورد توجه فراوان قرار گرفته‌اند. یکی از روش‌های مناسب برای ایجاد این نانوساختارها، فرآیند آندایز الکتروشیمیایی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر آندایز الکتروشیمیایی دومرحله‌ای بر خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی نانولوله‌های اکسید تیتانیم انجام شد. پس از اعمال فرآیند، تحلیل‌های متالورژیکی لازم جهت مشخصه‌یابی نمونه‌ها صورت گرفت. نتایج آزمون رامان وجود پیک‌های مشخصه اکسید تیتانیم را در لایه‌ ایجادشده تأیید کرد. همچنین، آزمون فازیابی پراش پرتو ایکس (XRD) نشان داد که نانولوله‌های تشکیل‌شده از نوع TiO₂ بوده و به‌صورت نانوبلورهای اولیه با فاز غالب آناتاز تشکیل گردیده‌اند. مشاهدات انجام‌شده با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (FESEM) نشان می‌دهد که آندایز دومرحله‌ای نسبت به آندایز یک‌مرحله‌ای قادر است با ایجاد یک الگوی اولیه مناسب، نظم ریزساختاری نانولوله‌ها را به‌طور قابل توجهی افزایش دهد؛ به گونه‌ای که نانولوله‌ها در مرحله دوم بر اساس الگوی ایجادشده در مرحله نخست رشد کرده و ساختارهایی کاملاً موازی و منظم را ایجاد می‌کنند. بررسی زاویه تماس نیز بیانگر کاهش 38.78 درصدی این پارامتر بوده که خود بیانگر افزایش آبدوستی سطح پس از اعمال آندایز دومرحله‌ای است. علاوه‌براین، نتایج آزمون‌های میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی (AFM) نشان داد که زبری سطح زیرلایه تیتانیم از 69.8 به 285.3 نانومتر رسیده که این افزایش زبری به دلیل افزایش سطح ویژه، شرایط مطلوبی را برای کاربردهای زیست‌پزشکی و استفاده در ایمپلنت‌ها فراهم می‌سازد. در نهایت، می‌توان آندایز دومرحله‌ای را روشی کلیدی در مهندسی و بهبود نانوساختارهای تیتانیمی دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نانولوله‌های اکسید تیتانیم

فرآیند آندایز الکتروشیمیایی

مکانیزم جوانه‌زنی

موضوعات

• مواد پیشرفته

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عنوان مقاله English

Surface Engineering of Titanium via a Two-Step Electrochemical Anodization Process: Mechanism of Nucleation and Growth of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes

نویسندگان English

Faezeh Darvishian Haghighi

Nazanin Yazdan Parast

Sahar Mollazadeh Beidokhti

Mohsen Haddad Sabzevar

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده English

In recent years, titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO₂ NTs) grown on titanium metallic substrates have attracted significant attention due to their wide applications in biomedical and energy-related fields. Electrochemical anodization is considered one of the most effective methods for producing these nanotubular structures. The present study aims to investigate the influence of a two-step electrochemical anodization process on the physicochemical properties of titanium oxide nanotubes. Following anodization, the fabricated coatings were characterized using various metallurgical techniques. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks of titanium oxide in the developed layer. Phase analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the formed nanotubes consisted of TiO₂ nanocrystallites with anatase as the dominant phase. Moreover, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observations demonstrated that two-step anodization remarkably improves the nanotube structural order compared to single-step anodization, as the nanotubes grow during the second stage based on a pre-formed template, resulting in highly parallel and well-aligned structures. Contact angle measurements indicated a 38.78% reduction in wettability angle, signifying enhanced surface hydrophilicity after two-step anodization. Additionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed an increase in surface roughness from 69.8 to 285.3 nm, which improves the specific surface area. Such enhancement in surface roughness is considered beneficial for biomedical applications, particularly in implant technology. Therefore, it can be concluded that two-step anodization is a key process for engineering and optimizing titanium-based nanotubular structures.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Titanium Oxide Nanotubes

Electrochemical Anodization Process

Nucleation Mechanism

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